Post by dougsanders on Apr 20, 2014 9:22:21 GMT -8
Suggested adds to the bullets, Terminology in Safety and Rescue, page 486; or incorporated into test to improve understanding of safety and risk.
Hazards: For climbers, hazards are sources of serious or lethal outcomes (illnesses or injuries). Our definition excludes sources not likely to lead to serious injuries such as a slipping where there is little exposure or setting too fast of a pace; or, sources with low risk such as the drive to the trailhead. Climbers may be exposed to human, route, environmental, and/or weather hazards. Most deaths arise from hazards created by the climbers themselves, usually by neglecting basic safeguards. Hazards may also be created before the trip due to poor planning or preparation.
Hazard Recognition: Identification and assessment of hazards.
Exposure: Being subject to the influence of a hazard. If there is no exposure there can be no outcome (injury.) Conversely, unless suitably mitigated, ALL hazard exposures may result in DEATH.
Outcome: The results of exposure to a hazard. Outcome for any particular exposure is unpredictable. Outcomes range from no impact to death.
Risk: Mathematical probability a hazard exposure will lead to an outcome of serious or lethal illness or injury. Outcome of exposure is independent of risk.
Risk Perception: Climbers biased perception of their risk for serious injury or death (outcome) from an exposure to a hazard.
Cognitive Bias and Heuristics: Underlying human traits and influences that adversely cloud understanding and decision making. These result in climbers mistakenly creating hazards, underestimating risk, selecting a poor alternative to a hazard, or using insufficient mitigation to assure non-lethal outcome. There are dozens of recognized biases.
Safety Check: Is this worth your life? Is the exposure to the hazard worth your life? The outcome is unpredictable. If the hazard can't be mitigated, in the scheme of your life is it really worth continuing?
Alter definition of mitigation. Mitigation may prevent outcome from becoming injurious.
My intent with this post is not the precise wording of these definitions rather suggesting terms to enhance climbers understanding of accident causality. It is likely more explanation is needed.
Hazards: For climbers, hazards are sources of serious or lethal outcomes (illnesses or injuries). Our definition excludes sources not likely to lead to serious injuries such as a slipping where there is little exposure or setting too fast of a pace; or, sources with low risk such as the drive to the trailhead. Climbers may be exposed to human, route, environmental, and/or weather hazards. Most deaths arise from hazards created by the climbers themselves, usually by neglecting basic safeguards. Hazards may also be created before the trip due to poor planning or preparation.
Hazard Recognition: Identification and assessment of hazards.
Exposure: Being subject to the influence of a hazard. If there is no exposure there can be no outcome (injury.) Conversely, unless suitably mitigated, ALL hazard exposures may result in DEATH.
Outcome: The results of exposure to a hazard. Outcome for any particular exposure is unpredictable. Outcomes range from no impact to death.
Risk: Mathematical probability a hazard exposure will lead to an outcome of serious or lethal illness or injury. Outcome of exposure is independent of risk.
Risk Perception: Climbers biased perception of their risk for serious injury or death (outcome) from an exposure to a hazard.
Cognitive Bias and Heuristics: Underlying human traits and influences that adversely cloud understanding and decision making. These result in climbers mistakenly creating hazards, underestimating risk, selecting a poor alternative to a hazard, or using insufficient mitigation to assure non-lethal outcome. There are dozens of recognized biases.
Safety Check: Is this worth your life? Is the exposure to the hazard worth your life? The outcome is unpredictable. If the hazard can't be mitigated, in the scheme of your life is it really worth continuing?
Alter definition of mitigation. Mitigation may prevent outcome from becoming injurious.
My intent with this post is not the precise wording of these definitions rather suggesting terms to enhance climbers understanding of accident causality. It is likely more explanation is needed.